Actor Atlas

Misinformation about Art. 65 Legal reserve refers to false or misleading information that is shared unknowingly and is not intended to deliberately deceive, manipulate or inflict harm on a person, social group, organisation or country.

Contextual deception about Art. 65 Legal reserve refers to the use of true but not necessarily related information to frame an event, issue or individual (e.g. a headline that does not match the corresponding article), or the misrepresentation of facts to support one’s narrative (e.g. to deliberately delete information that is essential context to understanding the original meaning). The way in which facts are used is disingenuous and with the intent to manipulate people or cause harm.

Disinformation about Art. 65 Legal reserve refers to verifiably false or misleading information that is knowingly and intentionally created and shared for economic gain or to deliberately deceive, manipulate or inflict harm.

Fake news about Art. 65 Legal reserve refers to false information that is purposefully crafted, sensational, emotionally charged, misleading or totally fabricated information that mimics the form of mainstream news. Fake news can be wholly fabricated or a mix of fact and fiction.

Propaganda about Art. 65 Legal reserve refers to the activity or content adopted and propagated by governments, private firms, non-profits, and individuals to manage collective attitudes, values, narratives, and opinions.

Satire about Art. 65 Legal reserve is defined as language, film or other works of art that use humor and exaggeration to critique people or ideas, often as a form of social or political commentary.

Lesher, M., H. Pawelec and A. Desai (2022), "Disentangling untruths online: Creators, spreaders and how to stop them", Going Digital Toolkit Note, No. 23 (OECD).

Select a continent's tab for country ISO 3166 codes to localize the Art. 65 Legal reserve coding hashtag!

Visit #WWlgu codes for local news incl. progress on climate change (#SDG13) for local government unit (lgu) localization.

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The backlinks below usually do not include the child and sibling items, nor the pages in the breadcrumbs.

Statute for a European Cooperative Society (SCE)

• 00. Preamble
• Art. 01 Form of the SCE
• Art. 02 Formation
• Art. 03 Minimum capital
• Art. 04 Capital of the SCE
• Art. 05 Statutes
• Art. 06 Registered office
• Art. 07 Transfer of registered office
• Art. 08 Law applicable
• Art. 09 Principle of non-discrimination
• Art. 10 Particulars to be stated in the documents
• Art. 11 Registration and disclosure requirements
• Art. 12 Publication of documents in the Member States
• Art. 13 Notice in the Official Journal of the European Union
• Art. 14 Acquisition of membership
• Art. 15 Loss of membership
• Art. 16 Financial entitlements of members in the event of resignation or expulsion
• Art. 17 Law applicable during formation
• Art. 18 Acquisition of legal personality
• Art. 19-34 Formation by merger
• Art. 35 Procedures for formation by conversion
• Art. 36 Structure of organs
• Art. 37-41 Two-tier system
• Art. 42-44 The one-tier system
• Art. 45-51 Rules common to the one-tier and two-tier systems
• Art. 52-62 General meeting
• Art. 63 Sectorial or section meetings
• Art. 64 Securities other than shares and debentures conferring special advantages
• Art. 65 Legal reserve
• Art. 66 Dividend
• Art. 67 Allocation of available surplus
• Art. 68-71 Annual accounts and consolidated accounts
• Art. 72-76 Winding up; Liquidation; Insolvency and Cessation of payments
• Art. 77 Economic and monetary union
• Art. 78-80 Final Provisions

Chapter I GENERAL PROVISIONS Art. 01 - Art. 16
Chapter II FORMATION
- Section 1 General Art. 17 - Art. 18
- Section 2 Formation by merger Art. 19 - Art. 34
- Section 3 Conversion of an existing cooperative into an SCE Art. 35
Chapter III STRUCTURE OF THE SCE Art. 36
- Section 1 Two-tier system Art. 37 - Art. 41
- Section 2 The one-tier system Art. 42 - Art. 44
- Section 3 Rules common to the one-tier and two-tier systems Art. 45 - Art. 51
- Section 4 General meeting Art. 52 - Art. 63
Chapter IV ISSUE OF SHARES CONFERRING SPECIAL ADVANTAGE Art. 64
Chapter V ALLOCATION OF PROFITS Art. 65 - Art. 67
Chapter VI ANNUAL ACCOUNTS AND CONSOLIDATED ACCOUNTS Art. 68 - Art. 71
Chapter VII WINDING UP; LIQUIDATION; INSOLVENCY AND CESSATION OF PAYMENTS Art. 72 - Art. 76
Chapter VIII ADDITIONAL AND TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS Art. 77
Chapter IX FINAL PROVISIONS Art. 78 - Art. 80