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International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
- 00 - Preamble
- 01 - Objectives
- 02 - Use of terms
- 03 - Scope
- 04 - General Obligations
- 05 - Conservation, Exploration, Collection, Characterization, Evaluation and Documentation of Plant Genetic Resources...
- 06 - Sustainable Use of Plant Genetic Resources
- 07 - National Commitments and International Cooperation
- 08 - Technical Assistance
- 09 - Farmers’ Rights
- 10 - Multilateral System of Access and Benefit-sharing
- 11 - Coverage of the Multilateral System
- 12 - Facilitated access to plant genetic resources for food and agriculture within the Multilateral System
- 13 - Benefit-sharing in the Multilateral System
- 14 - Global Plan of Action
- 15 - Ex Situ Collections of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture held by ...
- 16 - International Plant Genetic Resources Networks
- 17 - The Global Information System on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
- 18 - Financial Resources
- 19 - Governing Body
- 20 - Secretary
- 21 - Compliance
- 22 - Settlement of Disputes
- 23 - Amendments of the Treaty
- 24 - Annexes
- 25 - Signature
- 26 - Ratification, Acceptance or Approval
- 27 - Accession
- 28 - Entry into force
- 29 - Member Organizations of FAO
- 30 - Reservations
- 31 - Non-Parties
- 32 - Withdrawals
- 33 - Termination
- 34 - Depositary
- 35 - Authentic Texts
- Annex II Part 1 Arbitration
- Annex II Part 2 Conciliation
- Annex I List of Crops Covered under the Multilateral System
9.1 The Contracting Parties recognize the enormous contribution that the local and indigenous communities and farmers of all regions of the world, particularly those in the centres of origin and crop diversity, have made and will continue to make for the conservation and development of plant genetic resources which constitute the basis of food and agriculture production throughout the world.
9.2 The Contracting Parties agree that the responsibility for realizing Farmers’ Rights, as they relate to plant genetic resources for food and agriculture, rests with national governments. In accordance with their needs and priorities, each Contracting Party should, as appropriate, and subject to its national legislation, take measures to protect and promote Farmers’ Rights, including:
(a) protection of traditional knowledge relevant to plant genetic resources for food and agriculture;
(b) the right to equitably participate in sharing benefits arising from the utilization of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture; and
(c) the right to participate in making decisions, at the national level, on matters related to the conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture.
9.3 Nothing in this Article shall be interpreted to limit any rights that farmers have to save, use, exchange and sell farm-saved seed/propagating material, subject to national law and as appropriate.






See Bali Seed Declaration (March 16,2011) by La Via Campesina for an explanation of the unbalanced impacts of Article 9.2: most developing country governments are not in the position to protect and respect their Farmers' Rights.
For details, refer to http://www.planttreaty.org/farmers_en.htm and http://www.farmersrights.org/ for several recent reports, including
The 2010 Global Consultations on Farmers' Rights: Results from an Email-based Survey, by Regine Andersen and Tone Winge, FNI Report 2/2011.
From this consultation it appears that the prime concern among most participants was the need for guidance, support and capacity building to develop or adjust national legislation, policies, strategies and programs for the realization of Farmers' Rights.
http://www.farmersrights.org/resources/global_works_20.htm
NEW YORK - June 1, 2011 - New threats by Monsanto have led to the filing of an amended complaint
(http://www.pubpat.org/assets/files/seed/OSGATA-v-Monsanto-Complaint.pdf ) by the Public Patent Foundation (PUBPAT) in its suit on behalf of family farmers, small and family owned seed businesses, and organic agricultural organizations challenging Monsanto's patents on genetically modified seed.
More information about PUBPAT's suit against Monsanto's seed patents can be found at http://www.pubpat.org/monsanto-seed-patents.htm
For details, see http://www.landesa.org/rural-women-agricultural-land-conversions-china/
See the article by Vandana Shiva (Aljazeera, Feb. 6 2012).